{"id":4817,"date":"2018-02-01T16:52:27","date_gmt":"2018-02-01T16:52:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.binfire.com\/blog\/?p=4817"},"modified":"2018-02-01T16:52:27","modified_gmt":"2018-02-01T16:52:27","slug":"anatomy-of-a-task","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.binfire.com\/blog\/anatomy-of-a-task\/","title":{"rendered":"Anatomy of a Task"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">No, this article is not about the book called\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/374488?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hamlet, the anatomy of tasks<\/a> by Ann Louise Hentz, or a review of the popular ABC network&#8217;s show called\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/abc.go.com\/shows\/greys-anatomy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Grey&#8217;s Anatomy<\/a>. Rather, it refers to the specific unit of work\u00a0called a task in project management.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Every day we all do all sorts of tasks whether we like it or not. Our lives are filled with doing this task or another. It seems at times our tasks never end.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">So what is a task and how do you define it? How do you create a task in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.binfire.com\/blog\/2018\/01\/collaborative-project-management-explained\/\">collaborative project environment<\/a>? What elements are essential\u00a0when defining a task?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Some confuse a to-do list with tasks done for projects using project management software. At best a do-list is a very simplified\u00a0form of a task management system.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">In this post, I will cover everything you ever wanted to know about tasks. The definition of a task, the anatomy of a task, and the support needed in managing and visualizing tasks in projects.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">In short, in this article, we cover everything related to tasks and leave nothing unanswered for.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Anatomy of a Task<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/34.136.207.224\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/anatomy-of-a-task-1.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4851\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-4851\" src=\"https:\/\/34.136.207.224\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/anatomy-of-a-task-1.png\" alt=\"anatomy of a task 1\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.binfire.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/anatomy-of-a-task-1.png 960w, https:\/\/www.binfire.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/anatomy-of-a-task-1-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.binfire.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/anatomy-of-a-task-1-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Tasks are not created in a vacuum\u00a0or out of thin air. They come into existence as part of the objective to finish a product or service. Tasks could be standalone, like &#8220;Buy Milk&#8221; or part of a\u00a0much larger project.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">The diagram above is a refinement of the state transition diagram for to-do tasks from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/support\/knowledgecenter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IBM Corporation<\/a>\u00a0which was done a few years back. The new diagram shown above supports the current approaches like <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Continuous_delivery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">continuous delivery<\/a>\u00a0in software development.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Their purpose\u00a0is to solve a real-world problem. A task is a complete description of how to start and finish\u00a0work in a given time to reach a goal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Tasks are usually an element of a project consisting of many small\u00a0and large tasks. Not all tasks are equal. Some are simple and take a short time. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Others are complex and need to be broken down into smaller tasks, assigned to multiple people, and will take much longer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">To create, manage and complete tasks, a task management tool, usually, part of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.binfire.com\/blog\/2017\/10\/project-management-software-2\/\">project management software<\/a> is used.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">The following is a list of all elements of a task:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Title<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Each task needs a title that describes in a short sentence the objective of the task.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Description<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">The description provides more detail on what needs to be done and how. The person reading the description should have all the details needed to finish the work.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Start Date\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Work needs to start at a given time. The start date shows the date the team plans to work on the job.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Due Date<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">All work needs to be finished at some time, obviously the sooner the better. The due time is calculated based on the\u00a0duration of the work required to finish the task.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Duration<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">The duration is the total time it takes for work to start and finish. How do you estimate duration? Small tasks are easy since\u00a0they are short, even if you are wrong the error will be small too.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Large tasks are a different story. A systematic approach is needed to estimate them with a certain degree of accuracy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Fortunately, there is a solution for this. It is called a three-point\u00a0estimation. If you are unfamiliar with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.binfire.com\/blog\/2015\/07\/the-best-way-to-estimate-tasks\/\">3 point estimation<\/a>, I encourage you to check the link above.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Due Time<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Some tasks need to be finished at a certain time on their due date. For example, papers to court need to be submitted\u00a0by 5:00 PM on January 12, 2019. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Here the due date is January 12, 2019, and due time is 5:00 PM. If the papers are handled\u00a0later than 5:00 PM they don&#8217;t count!<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Task Owner<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">The person who creates a task is called a task owner. He or she could be assigned the task to himself\/herself or assign it to someone else.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Please note that the task owner could be the same or a different person other than the project owner\/manager\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Assignee<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Somebody needs to work and finish the job. It could be one person or multiple people. It could be full-time or part-time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">The software should allow all possibilities\u00a0when the work is assigned.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Dependencies<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Some tasks are unrelated to other work done in the project, but some do. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">If your job is to install the doors in a new house under construction, you can&#8217;t do that until the wall and the ceiling are finished.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">There could be just one dependency (or predecessor) or multiple dependencies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">The task management application should allow the addition of unlimited dependencies.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Priority<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">As we said before all tasks are not equal. Some need extra attention and should be tackled before lower-priority tasks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Usually, the priorities are marked\u00a0from 5 (very high) to 1 (very low).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Unfortunately only a few task management applications in the market today support priority.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Recurring Tasks-<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Many tasks are one-time events. After they are done successfully, they are not repeated unless for future enhancements.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">On the other hand, some tasks repeat for some time or go forever.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">If you are a business owner you file federal and local taxes every 3 months.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">This means every few months you repeat the same work repeatedly. The only thing that changes is the date you use to file your taxes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">We need recurring tasks for work that is repetitive and essentially the same, just different sets of data.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Gantt Charts<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">To view your work graphically, you need a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.binfire.com\/blog\/2015\/06\/gantt-chart\/\">Gantt chart<\/a>. Even though Gantt has been used for decades, it is still the best visual presentation of tasks in time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">A Gantt chart also shows the relationship of tasks to each other, which is not possible with other nongraphical methods.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Work breakdown structure<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">When work is too complex and too large, it is very hard to estimate how long it takes to complete accurately.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.binfire.com\/blog\/2017\/12\/work-breakdown-structure-complete-tutorial\/\">Work breakdown structure<\/a> or the WBS is the process of breaking down difficult tasks into smaller tasks. This process continues until all tasks in the project are small and well understood.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Completion rate<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">While people working on long tasks, there is a need to show what percentage of the work is done already. The is shown by completion rate which measures the work done from 0% (not started yet) to 100% (completed already).\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Comments-<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">In collaborative environments, we need to discuss issues that are raised while working on tasks.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Most SaaS-based project management\u00a0applications allow adding and reviewing comments.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Follow-<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">A task has many stakeholders. The project manager, the task owner, and those who have an interest in the outcome of the task are all stakeholders.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">The following feature fund in some PM applications let everybody to be kept up to date on the status of the projects\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Files<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Most tasks have associated files and nowhere is better to store these files other than the task itself.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Some PM applications allow the attaching of files to tasks and their comments.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Tags<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">To make it easier to find tasks in a huge project, tags\u00a0are a great tool. UsersThe user can create any tags they want and assign it to tasks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">This makes searching and finding of tasks much easier.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Category<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Another useful feature found in some task management applications is the category.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">A task could have only one category compared to many tags. For example, a task could be part of the development category for a project and have &#8220;testing&#8221; and &#8220;urgent&#8221; as tags.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Start work<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">When the person assigned to a task, starts working on it, the task is marked as started. This lets everyone know that work has begun.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Completed work<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Like above when the work is finished, the task is marked as completed. During this time the work is constantly tested either by the developer or by a third party and errors are fixed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">When the developer feels the work is complete, the task is marked as completed. This triggers a notification for final verification and approval.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Verify work<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Before a work is approved as finished, it is tested one more time as part of a complete system. This work is called final verification.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Approve work<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">After work has been verified, someone usually the project manager or the task owner approves the work for release.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Release<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">After the approval, the work is released to internal or external customers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">This is the end of a task life cycle. When the product or service is released the people working on the project are assigned to other projects.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Time Tracking<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">In some industries like contract workers and freelancers, there is a need to record how much time each worker spends on the project.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Time tracking software enables team members to record the time they spend on projects.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">This data is used to create invoices and bill the clients.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Notification<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Again, in the collaborative environment, there is an urgent need to keep everybody informed and in the loop.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Real-time notification automizes this need. As soon as there are any changes in the project, the relevant stakeholders get email or SMS notifications.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Search<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">In huge projects finding the tasks which you are looking for could be quite daunting!\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">A robust search like elastic search in the task management tool is a God-sent to the project manager and team members.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Terminate<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Unfortunately, sometimes things do go the way we planned them. When this happens tasks are terminated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">A system that allows easy termination of tasks and informing all stakeholders is a huge time saver.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Conclusion<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">We have covered here everything related to tasks. If the reader finds anything missing from this list, we appreciate to contact us and let us know.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">This is a live document and from time to time we will be updating it as we get more feedback.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>No, this article is not about the book called\u00a0Hamlet, the anatomy of tasks by Ann Louise Hentz, or a review of the popular ABC network&#8217;s show called\u00a0Grey&#8217;s Anatomy. Rather, it&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4850,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,42],"tags":[127,23],"class_list":["post-4817","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-project-management-2","category-task-management","tag-task","tag-task-management"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Anatomy of a Task - Collaboration Corner<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this article, we have defined everything related to tasks and task management software. 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